After hearing about the rich lead mines of southeast Missouri Territory (at that time called Upper Louisiana) Moses Austin, a wealthy, ambitious businessman, set out from Virginia in 1796 to investigate them. In 1797 Austin stated about the mine, "Without doubt, Mine Au Breton is richer than any in the known world." Austin received a grant for 7, 153 arpents of land & transformed lead mining & smelting into Missouri's first major industry. He sank the first mine shaft in Missouri & built the first reverbatory furnace west of the Mississippi River. As a condition of Austin's grant Austin provided many improvements for this area. He & his 40 to 50 slaves & employees built bridges, roads, a store, a blacksmith shop, a flour mill, a saw mill, a shot tower, and turned out the first sheet lead & cannonballs made in Missouri. In 1798 he moved his wife & family here where they resided in beautiful Durham Hall which Austin built & named after his birthplace in Durham, Connecticut. Austin also had a home in Ste. Genevieve.
The Osage Indians began to harass Mine Au Breton as early as 1799 and raided the village several times. In 1802 thirty Indians attacked the village and Durham Hall with intentions of killing the Americans and plundering Austin's home and store. The French greatly resented Austin and gave no assistance to him in the battle. The attack on the mining settlement resulted in one person killed and one woman kidnaped.
DURHAM HALL - was built in 1798. Moses Austin named it after his birthplace Durham, Connecticut. This beautiful mansion burned down in 1871 in a fire that destroyed much of Potosi.
In 1807 the village of Mine Au Breton had about 40 houses. From the time of the discovery of lead a continuous settlement has existed here.
Washington County was organized 21 August 1813. The influential Moses Austin donated 40 acres of land on the north side of Breton Creek for establishment of a county seat. John Rice Jones donated 10 acres. Lots and a public square were laid out and a new town evolved around Durham Hall. The town was named "Potosi" in honor of a silver mining town in Bolivia. Potosi acquired a post-office & since the distillation of whiskey from rye and corn was a large industry the town eventually accommodated two distilleries. In 1814-15 the first courthouse was constructed & in 1815 a one room 13x13 ft. hewed log jail was built near the public square. For all of his improvements of the area & his donation of the land for the county seat Moses Austin is credited with being the founding father of Potosi. Mine Au Breton on the south side of the creek & Potosi on the north side consolidated in 1826 under the sole name of "Potosi". The name "Potosi" comes from a south American Indian word which means "place of much noise."
Moses Austin is not only credited with being the founding father of Potosi but also "The Grandfather of Texas." In 1821 Moses Austin traveled to San Antonio where he received the first American grant for a colony in Texas. Upon his return he was exposed to severe hardships & became ill. He died 10 June 1821 in St. Francois County & was originally buried at Hazel Run. In 1828 his body was disintered & reburied in the Potosi City Cemetery.
After Moses' death his son Stephen took over the project of moving 300 families from Potosi to Texas thereby making Stephen "The Father of Texas." Austin, the capitol of Texas, is named for Stephen Austin.
At right is Moses Austins tomb in Potosi City Cemetery (Photographed: October, 1998.) The cracks on the tomb were made by Texans in 1938 when they wanted to move the body of Moses Austin to Texas. They sent an undertaker & a hearse to Potosi. The undertaker was discovered chipping away at the tomb thinking the body was just inside (actually it is down in the ground). The Marshall was called, the town aroused, & the Texan sent packing! A few weeks later the Governor sent the Secretary of the State of Texas to Potosi with a public apology for the incident. Potosians like to brag that we are the only town that ever took on the state of Texas & won!!!!!!