If it's a dead duck and it's been that way for a while, yes it can damage it.
If say the battery is 12V, 1500 mAh, and you have a smart charger to where you have a pot dial to control the amperage, and a power source of 13.8 VDC, you have to hit it hard at 1.5 amps for an hour, watch the temperature, and yes it could explode, but not likely, so do it on a metal shelf in your garage or outside, after it gets hot for an hour, drop the amperage to like 500 mA for the remainder of the charge, I've brought dead batteries back to life with a decent run time doing this, but they'll never be as good as they were when new.