Hi BB,
I was born in Alaska and have lived here my entire life. Bears are a fact of life here, and thousands of people encounter thousands of bears on a regular basis. In the case of somebody getting hurt as a result, 99.9% of the time it is the bear, as last I looked hunters shoot over 3000 a year in Alaska. In virtually all other cases the bear wanders away, hopefully not before you get a photo. Lots of people actually hope to see a bear while visiting Alaska.
I live in Alaska's largest city, Anchorage, and we have a resident bear population. There is no place in Alaska you can go and get away from bears. I usually encounter a few every summer. Here is a photo of the last one I saw this summer...
Black bear at Moore Creek
Given that we have lots of bears, and quite a few people, eventually you do have a few conflicts. Someone gets mauled or killed. But believe it or not more people are mauled or killed by dogs in Alaska than bears. True fact.
So do I carry a gun in case I'm attacked by a dog? No. Do you? Probably not. So no, in general I do not carry a weapon when I'm out and about in Alaska. Sometimes I do, usually on those rare trips where I am entirely on my own for a week or more hundreds of miles away from help of any kind. I do always keep a bear gun in camp, as the biggest problem regarding bears is that they can tear up a camp or equipment. If that is the case they may need to be disposed of.
And I usually do use full headphones. Sometimes I do not, but my main concern usually is about the cord hanging up in brush, not bears.
The thing about a bear attack is it is a bloody, gruesome thing, and so the media really plays it up when someone gets hurt by a bear. They never mention the peaceful encounters, leaving people with the impression that if you run into a bear, it is going to attack you. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Your odds of being involved in a bad way with a bear are very slim. They are wild animals, with the potential to be dangerous, and so they deserve great respect. But there is a difference between respect and unreasonable fear.
Anyay, long story short is I find it unfortunate the number of people I have met who are so afraid of bears it keeps them from being able to really enjoy Alaska. I ran into a nice couple on the highway awhile back, who were afraid to drive anywhere off the highway for fear of bears. They seemed to think the highway was some kind of safe zone. I told them how much they were missing, but ultimately they just decided they could not risk it. Sad.
Here are a couple interesting articles about bears in Anchorage:
http://www.adn.com/news/alaska/wildlife/bears/story/7472942p-7249123c.html
and
http://www.adn.com/news/alaska/wildlife/bears/story/7473706p-6737851c.html
Steve Herschbach