hi parfind. it's an age old problem.... reading dates on some of the coins we find, especially the coppers and bronzes. fertilizers, alkaline soils, and time all take their individual tolls on nearly all metals. when you add acid rain and airborne chemicals to the equation, things get even worse. silver and gold coins seem to be pretty much immune, except in high salt seas. a thick, crusty, hard, green substance [not the patina] called verdigris will form on the bad case coins, and is hard to remove. once natural corrosion or normal wear sets in, there's little you can do - we can't replace lost metal to a coin's surface. BUT.... i do happen to have some slick tips and tricks to share with ya'll. maybe you'll have some too.
always try to read the features of a coin under a regular light bulb. fluorescent lights just aren't much good. the light wavelengths are almost total opposites. you can choose to soak your coins for a day or two in olive oil, then fine brass brush or use fine brillo pad [000] in stages. don't try to do it all at once; remember, it took many years to build the layers of crud on the coin underground, and it takes some time to get it all off without ruining the coin. proper lighting used in conjunction with the sheen of the olive oil sometimes helps. one complements the other. move the coin in different angles to cast shadows across the high points of the coin's surface. i found an old three legged school magnifier at a yard sale for a couple of dollars. it has the small built in light, and is very useful. some coinshops have specialty magnifiers. a full date is nice, but sometimes you'll have to settle for a partial or no date coin. of course, on a partial date coin, the last two numbers and a legible mintmark are the most important anyway!
shop around until you find a magnifier your're comfortable with. most coinshops have the 4x and 10x loupes, which are real good to have. there's nothing worse than trying out a bunch of magnifiers in one day, like i have, and end up with eyestrain and a headache to boot. i hope this helps, and hh!