It keeps your detector from giving positive metalic responses to ground mineralization.
Ground Balance is simply, internal circuitry that can adjust the detector to ignore ambient soil mineralization, that would otherwise produce a positive metallic response from your detector. Such UNWANTED positive responses to ground minerals can cause your machine to run erratically. Besides being annoying, it can cause you to miss good targets.
There are four types: 1) Factory Preset (set to a predetermined "average", and non adjustable), 2) Manually Adjusted (by operator), 3) Auto (usually at the press of a button in conjunction with raising/lowering of coil), 4)Auto Tracking (circuitry continuously monitors, and adjusts to changing ground mineralization automatically).
It need not always be metallic mineralization. Ocean salt water and wet salt beach sands are notorious for causing GB problems due to their conductive nature.
I personally feel adjustable GB while not "needed", is a requirement for ME in a detector. The more GB options on a detector, the better! One offering Tracking, Auto, and Manual is best for me. Gives me a lot of versatility for differing ground conditions, and type of detecting.
If detecting in mildly mineralized soils, a preset GB can work well enough. It can limit effectiveness of the detector in difficult soil conditions, or make it nearly inoperative in some grounds.
Type/size of coil used can have a huge impact on a detectors abilities in heavy ground mineralization. Generally DD coils operate better in bad ground than concentrics. Concentric coils in general, are more sensitive to smaller targets. This enhances their reactions to mineralization in the soil matrix. The bigger the coil, the more it will react to, or read, difficult mineralization. HH