Positive = annode and negative = cathode.
I built 2 units (1 large / 1 small) with the plastic folgers coffee cans and a couple of hardware bolts. I use the regular DC power supplies that I get with all those danged electrical gadgets I have laying around the house.
6 volt DC 300 milliamps is more than enough to make a very respectable low voltage electrolsys rig. I use a water/salt/lemon juice mixture and it works very well. Practice on a coin, or anything that you do not care about losing.
The bubbles always come from the coin or item you are cleaning. If you ever see the bubbles coming from the other connection, just disconnect the power supply, swap the connections, and plug it back in. I took my power supplies and removed the end where the plug was and connected alligator clips to both of those leads.
Every power supply has the polairity stamped or displayed on each of the units. I bought alligator clips at ye' ole' Radio Shack. One red, one black. Red = positive or annode, Black = negative or cathode (this never changes). Negative connection goes to the coin and the positive goes to the bolt (or whatever you use for the second metal connection.
Then just watch the bubbles. Check it every couple of minutes and when you feel it is clean enough then stop the process. Just make sure that both leads never touch during this process, sparks fly, and power supplies stop working....or explode.
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Things of that nature.
And of course this always comes with a disclaimer. Don't do this on a valuable coin. But how do you know it is valuable if it is heavily incrusted? Best guess "Mr. Savick"
Here is a link to a prior post of my stuff. http://www.findmall.com/read.php?52,702807,705329#msg-705329
TTFN......