Do not clean old coins until you have ascertained their inherent value.
This applies universally to gold and silver coins, not as much for coppers. Copper coins usually are pretty grungy when dug, and their value is severely diminished.
If you have a rare coin - an' I mean big bucks rare - let a pro handle it. Send it to PCGS and let them do their thing... they will grade it, clean it for a fee, register and encapsulate the coin in a tamper proof plastic "slab." It costs you to do this, but it increases the value of the coin substantially if you do.
If you just want to piddle with cleaning because you have little else to do, use electrolysis to remove encrusted gunk - it is the least invasive method. It is especially useful on those grungy coppers. For most non-rare silver coins, I just wash them in a little mild soap with a soft toothbrush.
Most newbs want to get all happy with cleaning, but I urge you to resist that impulse. Just clean off the gross dirt and put your coins safely away.
For common clad and coppers, I tumble them, too. Get a small rock tumbler, as recommended.
I got mine used on ebay for under $10. You dont need anything fancier.
- Fill the tumbler canister 1/3- 1/2 half full of aquarium gravel, add a shot of household cleanser and coins until it is about 3/4 full, then just barely cover this "slurry" with water.
(Do not overfill - the contents must be free to roll, and well... tumble!)
- Once loaded (the canister - not you
), seal the tumble canister, turn on the tumbler and go detecting for 6-10 hours. Keep your tumbler in a large plastic catch pan as it runs, in case you got something goofed up and it pops open. Don't ask how I learned this!
- Never mix clad/composite fractionals (nickles, dimes, quarters, halves, SBA or SAC dollars) with cents or other coppers. The coppers will turn the fractionals a nice orangey-coppery color.